Enchanting in Minecraft is a way to imbue gear and books with special effects and attributes that can greatly benefit the player. To empower an item, one needs to place it upon an Enchanting Table, preferably in the company of many Bookshelves. By exchanging Experience and lapis lazuli, players can acquire these effects.
There are other methods in which to have something enchanted, such as utilizing an anvil, interacting with a villager, fishing up a random enchanted book, or even when looting dungeons and strongholds. There is a great variety to be found in this expansive world of blocks.
39 Aqua Affinity
Aqua Affinity is a helmet-only enchantment that allows the player to mine faster while underwater.
38 Bane Of Arthropods
This one empowers a sword with an effect that increases damage dealt to all arthropod enemies, such as spiders, cave spiders, silverfish, endermites, and bees.
37 Blast Protection
If one is having trouble with explosives, they should consider upgrading their armor with the Blast Protection enchantment to reduce damage and knockback received.
36 Channeling
This is one that can only be imbued into tridents. It allows the player to call down a bolt of lightning, but only during a storm.
Just be sure to do so outside and while the target is unobstructed.
35 Cleaving
Here's one that grants axes greater damage output and more impact to stun shielded foes.
34 Curse Of Binding
This is an enchantment that can only be found via treasure hunting. When applied to an item in an armor slot, it prevents that item from being removed.
33 Curse Of Vanishing
Here's a wicked one that nobody would want on their weapons, tools, or armor. Upon a player's death, any item with this enchantment will be destroyed.
32 Depth Strider
With Depth Strider on one's boots, the player can walk through the water much quicker.
31 Efficiency
This is arguably the most desirable trait to have on one's mining and harvesting tools.
It increases the speed of pickaxes, axes, shovels, hoes, and shears.
30 Feather Falling
Another Boots-only enchantment. This one reduces the damage taken from falling great heights.